Nerve - 25 Interesting facts
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1. Despite being slower than electrical synapses, chemical synapses greatly increase behavioural flexibility.
2. Electrical impulses produced in neurons can be initiated by neurotransmitters (such as serotonin).
3. Electricity produced in the axons of our neurons is the increase and decrease of sodium and potassium levels in a cell.
4. Neurons in your body use electricity to send messages.
5. Microglia cells float around the brain, monitoring it for damage and helping to repair it and remove any foreign matter.
6. Astrocyte cells protect the blood-brain barrier by keeping its junctions tight, preventing the introduction of foreign bodies.
7. Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by ependymal cells that line the brain’s ventricles.
8. Cerebrospinal fluid does more than protect your brain. It also helps remove waste and helps keeps the brain cool.
9. There are 3 types of neurons: sensory, motor, and interneurons (talk between the other two).
10. Each neuron has tens of thousands of dendritic spines, which allows it to receive information from thousands of other neurons.
11. Most neurons in our body are with us for life and cannot be replaced if they are lost through brain or spinal cord damage.
12. Neurons change their shape many times throughout their life, growing and eliminating dendrites as needed.
13. The longest neurons in your body are part of the sciatic nerve, running from your spine to your big toe.
14. Our organs are controlled by collections of neural cells called ganglia, which act like mini brains.
15. The autonomic nervous system has 2 divisions: sympathetic (arouses body for action) and parasympathetic (calms body down).
16. Your body below your head and neck is controlled by 30 spinal nerves.
17. There are 12 pairs of nerves that control the head and neck.
18. Parkinson’s and Tourette’s are both disorders of the basal ganglia because they make it difficult to control movement.
19. The cortex has 6 layers: 1–3 are integrative, 4 receives info from senses, and 5–6 send info to the rest of the brain.
20. Neurons are made of 3 parts: dendrites (receive information), soma (process information), and axons (send information).
21. The cortex makes up 80% of the human brain and is the region that has expanded the most throughout human evolution.
22. The cortex is made up of 2 parts: the neocortex creates our perceptual world and the limbic cortex controls motivational states.
23. The limbic system of the forebrain controls emotion, as well as behaviours that create and require memory.
24. The neocortex (cerebral cortex) processes the most complex information the brain receives, including perception and planning.
25. Sometimes your spinal cord acts independent of the brain.
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